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<raw>This page was copied from http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TextFormattingRules to further exercise the WikiDParser.
* UnicodeCharacters

----
For examples of how these rules are used, see TextFormattingExamples.

To experiment with the rules, please try editing the WikiWikiSandbox. Please, do not experiment with this page because that is extraordinarily bad form.

'''Paragraphs'''

* Do not indent paragraphs.
* Words wrap to window width and fill as needed. (Emphasis fails to work if you insert end of line by hand!)
* Use blank lines as separators.
	
-----
'''Horizontal Lines'''

* Four or more hyphens (----) at the beginning of a line make a horizontal rule.

----
'''Lists'''

* asterisk in column one for bullet item
** up to four asterisks for deeper indenting
*** old format using tabs and numbered lists (lines starting with &lt;tab(s)&gt;number) discouraged

----
'''Fonts'''

* Indent with one or more spaces to use a monospace font:

 This is text in a monospaced font.
   This is indented with three spaces.
This is not.

----
You can generate vertical whitespace by using multiple newlines after a monospaced line, but doing so to create more than one blank line is discouraged.

----
'''Indented Paragraphs'''
''(Quotes)''

* tab space colon tab -- often used (with emphasis) for quotations.  (See SimulatingQuoteBlocks)

Sample:
	 :	This is quoted. (When a quoted line wraps, it too is indented maintaining an indented block.) If the text continues for a bit then the feature will be demonstrated nicely.  You will see that each successive line is indented.

This isn't.

* If you are going to ConvertSpacesToTabs, you need to type nine spaces, a colon, and then three spaces before the text. (See SimulatingQuoteBlocks.)

----
'''Definitions'''

Indented paragraphs are actually a special case of definitions.  For example, to define a gnu, we would use
* tab Gnu colon tab -- and then the definition.  This looks like this:
	Gnu:	 A furry animal.
You may use bold (see next paragraph), then it looks like this:
	'''Gnu''':	 A furry animal.

----
'''Emphasis'''
* Use doubled single-quotes for emphasis (usually ''italics'')
* Use tripled single-quotes for strong emphasis (usually '''bold''')
* Use five single-quotes, or triples within doubles, for some other kind of emphasis ('''''Bold Italic'''''), but be careful about the bugs in the Wiki emphasis logic... (for example, text within doubled single-quotes followed immediately by text within tripled single-quotes is processed incorrectly)''double'''''triple'''  Q:''has this bug been fixed?'' No, but the overlapped tags produced are accepted by some browsers.
* Emphasis can be used multiple times within a line, but cannot span across line boundaries
* Is there a simple way to do strike-throughs? perhaps ---three hyphens before and after--- ala ' ' ' for bold? [MichaelMuller 9/22/2004]

----
'''Links'''

* JoinCapitalizedWords to make links to Wiki pages.
* Use SixSingleQuotes to A''''''voidMakingLinksToWikiName, or to separate suffixes (like 's') from WikiName''''''s. Put the six quotes between the first capitalized letter and the rest of the Non''''''WikiName (for example Non''''''WikiName equals Non ' ' ' ' ' ' WikiName), or between the WikiName and the suffix.
* Precede URLs with "http:", "ftp'''''':", "gopher'''''':", "mailto'''''':", or "news'''''':" to create links automatically as in: http://www.c2.com/. For a url containing an apostrophe, use %27 instead of the apostrophe.
* URLs ending with .gif, .jpg, .jpeg or .png are inlined. (URLs ending with .jpe should be handled the same way, but aren't.) '' '''Note''' This approach means that image URLs with query parameters will not render as an image unless you add an extra "dummy" parameter ending with .gif, .jpg, .jpeg or .png at the end.  Thankfully the need for such tricks is rare.''
* Links to books specified by ISBN are treated specially. E.g., ISBN: 0-13-748310-4 links to a bookseller. (The pattern is: "ISBN", optional colon, space, ten digits with optional hyphens, the whole thing optionally in square brackets. The last digit can be an "X".) We are an AmazonAssociate. [Why aren't we using ISBN://012345789? ''We are - the "//" is implicit!'']
* I S B N: 0123456789 becomes ISBN: 0123456789
* [I S B N 0123456789] becomes [ISBN 0123456789]
* [I S B N: 123-456-789-X] becomes [ISBN: 123-456-789-X]
* [1], [2], [3], [4] used to refer to remote links. '''This feature has been removed.''' See FixingLinks if you stumble across one of them.
* AnswerMe: Would it be possible to provide the same thing for other materials using ASIN instead of ISBN? -- AalbertTorsius [''Linking to what? Amazon doesn't have many such materials.''] [''Just about anything that's not a book, right?  Such as B000060PEU is http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000060PEU (a Wacom drawing tablet) - and amazon certainly sells a lot of things that aren't books.''][''This could also be useful to link to scientific papers online via http://dx.doi.org followed by a number such as 10.1038/1011 which provides a unique and stable link to the article (e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1011) and works for all publishers'']
* WikiCase is needed to link to a single word [WikiSingleWordProblem]

----
'''Wiki's TextFormattingRules aren't HTML'''

* HTML tags don't work
* &amp;, &lt;, and &gt; are themselves
* WhyDoesntWikiDoHtml?

----
'''Notes'''
* When a rule says "tab," it wants a tab character without extra spaces around it. See TipForTypingTab if you have trouble entering tabs.
* The actual TextFormattingRegularExpressions that implement these rules are available for those who can read them.
* I've been able to see what's going on by opening the edit window as a new window in the browser. That way, I can link (in my mind) the text formatting rules with what you finally get displayed. Not that the rules are difficult!
* Inserting lines with the LynxBrowser presents a special challenge. For help with that, see UsingWikiWithLynx.
* Use ''italics'' sparingly when possible, as it's harder to read (especially at low resolution) than non-italics.

----
'''None of these work here:''' 
* HTML
* Tables
* Headers
* Mathematical formula expansion
* Scripts
* Loops or other programmatic structures
* FreeLink''''''s

----
''Q: Why not include into Wiki abilities to make tables? I think, it's one of the most important thing when discussing mathematics, for example.''

A: Serviceable tables can be done with preformatted text, e.g. MoreTables. Many other WikiImplementations do implement WikiTables, including Ward's own QuickiWiki.
----
''I find myself wanting to add a link from a page here on WardsWiki to a page on a SisterSite. What's the best way to do that? (a) Directly include the full URI; (b) use the WikiName to a stub page here, then put the full URI on that stub page; or (c) some other method? -- DavidCary''

There's no established convention. One method would be Meatball:WikiName, which links to a page from which you can click on the meatball logo to get to the proper page. There's no need to create the page on this wiki if it doesn't already exist.

Look at the bottom of this page (TextFormattingRules). You see those convenient little pictures that link to SisterSite''''''s? Do those automatically show up when sister sites have pages with the same name? Does Ward manually stick those in somehow? Or is there something I/you can do to make those show up? (I mean, they *already* show up on this page; how do I make them show up on *other* pages?)

''They will be shown in due course - the process is automatic, but not necessarily immediate.''

----
So how, without using HTML character entities, do I type a character which is not on my keyboard? -- DamianYerrick

Copy and paste from somewhere else, or, in Microsoft Windows, hold down the Alt key, then, using the numeric pad, type 0 followed by the character's 3-digit ANSI (decimal) code (up to 255). (The second method doesn't work for the tab character in some browsers.) -- AnonymousDonor

Inserting raw character codes (which is what ALT+number does) is not portable.  It is specific to that platform, and the character set you're using.  I will see something different.  On the other hand, HTML character entities are, per the standard, portable.  So that isn't a good solution. -- BenScott

''Use '''Unicode''' (And set your browser to UTF-8). You can enter Unicode characters on Windows/MacOSX/X11 using Ctrl+Shift+CODE (Hold down Ctrl, hold down Shift and type in the code in hexadecimal).''

But there's still a portability issue for the '''readers''' of the text, who may not be viewing it as Unicode, eh? So at minimum you also need to tell everyone on every platform using every conceivable version of every conceivable browser how to make sure their tool displays Unicode (and how to get the font needed, if Unicode characters are used that are outside the font set provided by default on the platform/tool in question)
http://www.elephantcarhire.com/car-hire-united-kingdom/gatwick-airport-car-hire.htm Gatwick Car Hire

----
CategoryWiki CategoryWikiEditing</raw>
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<body>This page was copied from <a href="http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TextFormattingRules">http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TextFormattingRules</a> to further exercise the <a href="WikiDParser">WikiDParser</a>.
<ul>
<li> <a href="UnicodeCharacters">UnicodeCharacters</a></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
For examples of how these rules are used, see <a href="TextFormattingExamples">TextFormattingExamples</a>.<p></p>
To experiment with the rules, please try editing the <a href="WikiWikiSandbox">WikiWikiSandbox</a>. Please, do not experiment with this page because that is extraordinarily bad form.<p></p>
<strong>Paragraphs</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> Do not indent paragraphs.</li>
<li> Words wrap to window width and fill as needed. (Emphasis fails to work if you insert end of line by hand!)</li>
<li> Use blank lines as separators.</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Horizontal Lines</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> Four or more hyphens (----) at the beginning of a line make a horizontal rule.</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Lists</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> asterisk in column one for bullet item
<ul>
<li> up to four asterisks for deeper indenting
<ul>
<li> old format using tabs and numbered lists (lines starting with &lt;tab(s)&gt;number) discouraged</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Fonts</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> Indent with one or more spaces to use a monospace font:</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<pre>
 This is text in a monospaced font.
   This is indented with three spaces.</pre>

This is not.<p></p>
<hr />
You can generate vertical whitespace by using multiple newlines after a monospaced line, but doing so to create more than one blank line is discouraged.<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Indented Paragraphs</strong>
<em>(Quotes)</em><p></p>
<ul>
<li> tab space colon tab -- often used (with emphasis) for quotations.  (See <a href="SimulatingQuoteBlocks">SimulatingQuoteBlocks</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
Sample:
<dl>
<dt> </dt><dd>This is quoted. (When a quoted line wraps, it too is indented maintaining an indented block.) If the text continues for a bit then the feature will be demonstrated nicely.  You will see that each successive line is indented.</dd>
</dl>
<p></p>
This isn't.<p></p>
<ul>
<li> If you are going to <a href="ConvertSpacesToTabs">ConvertSpacesToTabs</a>, you need to type nine spaces, a colon, and then three spaces before the text. (See <a href="SimulatingQuoteBlocks">SimulatingQuoteBlocks</a>.)</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Definitions</strong><p></p>
Indented paragraphs are actually a special case of definitions.  For example, to define a gnu, we would use
<ul>
<li> tab Gnu colon tab -- and then the definition.  This looks like this:</li>
</ul>

<dl>
<dt>Gnu</dt><dd> A furry animal.</dd>
</dl>

You may use bold (see next paragraph), then it looks like this:
<dl>
<dt><strong>Gnu</strong></dt><dd> A furry animal.</dd>
</dl>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Emphasis</strong>
<ul>
<li> Use doubled single-quotes for emphasis (usually <em>italics</em>)</li>
<li> Use tripled single-quotes for strong emphasis (usually <strong>bold</strong>)</li>
<li> Use five single-quotes, or triples within doubles, for some other kind of emphasis (<strong><em>Bold Italic</em></strong>), but be careful about the bugs in the Wiki emphasis logic... (for example, text within doubled single-quotes followed immediately by text within tripled single-quotes is processed incorrectly)<em>double</em><strong>triple</strong>  Q:<em>has this bug been fixed?</em> No, but the overlapped tags produced are accepted by some browsers.</li>
<li> Emphasis can be used multiple times within a line, but cannot span across line boundaries</li>
<li> Is there a simple way to do strike-throughs? perhaps ---three hyphens before and after--- ala ' ' ' for bold? [<a href="MichaelMuller">MichaelMuller</a> 9/22/2004]</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Links</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="JoinCapitalizedWords">JoinCapitalizedWords</a> to make links to Wiki pages.</li>
<li> Use <a href="SixSingleQuotes">SixSingleQuotes</a> to AvoidMakingLinksToWikiName, or to separate suffixes (like 's') from <a href="WikiName">WikiName</a>s. Put the six quotes between the first capitalized letter and the rest of the Non<a href="WikiName">WikiName</a> (for example Non<a href="WikiName">WikiName</a> equals Non ' ' ' ' ' ' <a href="WikiName">WikiName</a>), or between the <a href="WikiName">WikiName</a> and the suffix.</li>
<li> Precede URLs with &quot;http:&quot;, &quot;ftp:&quot;, &quot;gopher:&quot;, &quot;mailto:&quot;, or &quot;news:&quot; to create links automatically as in: <a href="http://www.c2.com/.">http://www.c2.com/.</a> For a url containing an apostrophe, use %27 instead of the apostrophe.</li>
<li> URLs ending with .gif, .jpg, .jpeg or .png are inlined. (URLs ending with .jpe should be handled the same way, but aren't.) <em> <strong>Note</strong> This approach means that image URLs with query parameters will not render as an image unless you add an extra &quot;dummy&quot; parameter ending with .gif, .jpg, .jpeg or .png at the end.  Thankfully the need for such tricks is rare.</em></li>
<li> Links to books specified by ISBN are treated specially. E.g., <a href="http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/liblook?baseURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;opacID=openworldcat&amp;isbn=0137483104">ISBN 0-13-748310-4</a> links to a bookseller. (The pattern is: &quot;ISBN&quot;, optional colon, space, ten digits with optional hyphens, the whole thing optionally in square brackets. The last digit can be an &quot;X&quot;.) We are an <a href="AmazonAssociate">AmazonAssociate</a>. [Why aren't we using ISBN://012345789? <em>We are - the &quot;//&quot; is implicit!</em>]</li>
<li> I S B N: 0123456789 becomes <a href="http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/liblook?baseURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;opacID=openworldcat&amp;isbn=0123456789">ISBN 0123456789</a></li>
<li> [I S B N 0123456789] becomes <a href="http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/liblook?baseURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;opacID=openworldcat&amp;isbn=0123456789">ISBN 0123456789</a></li>
<li> [I S B N: 123-456-789-X] becomes <a href="http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/liblook?baseURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;opacID=openworldcat&amp;isbn=123456789X">ISBN 123-456-789-X</a></li>
<li> [1], [2], [3], [4] used to refer to remote links. <strong>This feature has been removed.</strong> See <a href="FixingLinks">FixingLinks</a> if you stumble across one of them.</li>
<li> <a href="AnswerMe">AnswerMe</a>: Would it be possible to provide the same thing for other materials using ASIN instead of ISBN? -- <a href="AalbertTorsius">AalbertTorsius</a> [<em>Linking to what? Amazon doesn't have many such materials.</em>] [<em>Just about anything that's not a book, right?  Such as B000060PEU is <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000060PEU">http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000060PEU</a> (a Wacom drawing tablet) - and amazon certainly sells a lot of things that aren't books.</em>][<em>This could also be useful to link to scientific papers online via <a href="http://dx.doi.org">http://dx.doi.org</a> followed by a number such as 10.1038/1011 which provides a unique and stable link to the article (e.g. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1011)">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1011)</a> and works for all publishers</em>]</li>
<li> <a href="WikiCase">WikiCase</a> is needed to link to a single word [<a href="WikiSingleWordProblem">WikiSingleWordProblem</a>]</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Wiki's <a href="TextFormattingRules">TextFormattingRules</a> aren't HTML</strong><p></p>
<ul>
<li> HTML tags don't work</li>
<li> &amp;, &lt;, and &gt; are themselves</li>
<li> <a href="WhyDoesntWikiDoHtml">WhyDoesntWikiDoHtml</a>?</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>Notes</strong>
<ul>
<li> When a rule says &quot;tab,&quot; it wants a tab character without extra spaces around it. See <a href="TipForTypingTab">TipForTypingTab</a> if you have trouble entering tabs.</li>
<li> The actual <a href="TextFormattingRegularExpressions">TextFormattingRegularExpressions</a> that implement these rules are available for those who can read them.</li>
<li> I've been able to see what's going on by opening the edit window as a new window in the browser. That way, I can link (in my mind) the text formatting rules with what you finally get displayed. Not that the rules are difficult!</li>
<li> Inserting lines with the <a href="LynxBrowser">LynxBrowser</a> presents a special challenge. For help with that, see <a href="UsingWikiWithLynx">UsingWikiWithLynx</a>.</li>
<li> Use <em>italics</em> sparingly when possible, as it's harder to read (especially at low resolution) than non-italics.</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<strong>None of these work here:</strong> 
<ul>
<li> HTML</li>
<li> Tables</li>
<li> Headers</li>
<li> Mathematical formula expansion</li>
<li> Scripts</li>
<li> Loops or other programmatic structures</li>
<li> <a href="FreeLink">FreeLink</a>s</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<hr />
<em>Q: Why not include into Wiki abilities to make tables? I think, it's one of the most important thing when discussing mathematics, for example.</em><p></p>
A: Serviceable tables can be done with preformatted text, e.g. <a href="MoreTables">MoreTables</a>. Many other <a href="WikiImplementations">WikiImplementations</a> do implement <a href="WikiTables">WikiTables</a>, including Ward's own <a href="QuickiWiki">QuickiWiki</a>.
<hr />
<em>I find myself wanting to add a link from a page here on <a href="WardsWiki">WardsWiki</a> to a page on a <a href="SisterSite">SisterSite</a>. What's the best way to do that? (a) Directly include the full URI; (b) use the <a href="WikiName">WikiName</a> to a stub page here, then put the full URI on that stub page; or (c) some other method? -- <a href="DavidCary">DavidCary</a></em><p></p>
There's no established convention. One method would be Meatball:<a href="WikiName">WikiName</a>, which links to a page from which you can click on the meatball logo to get to the proper page. There's no need to create the page on this wiki if it doesn't already exist.<p></p>
Look at the bottom of this page (<a href="TextFormattingRules">TextFormattingRules</a>). You see those convenient little pictures that link to <a href="SisterSite">SisterSite</a>s? Do those automatically show up when sister sites have pages with the same name? Does Ward manually stick those in somehow? Or is there something I/you can do to make those show up? (I mean, they *already* show up on this page; how do I make them show up on *other* pages?)<p></p>
<em>They will be shown in due course - the process is automatic, but not necessarily immediate.</em><p></p>
<hr />
So how, without using HTML character entities, do I type a character which is not on my keyboard? -- <a href="DamianYerrick">DamianYerrick</a><p></p>
Copy and paste from somewhere else, or, in Microsoft Windows, hold down the Alt key, then, using the numeric pad, type 0 followed by the character's 3-digit ANSI (decimal) code (up to 255). (The second method doesn't work for the tab character in some browsers.) -- <a href="AnonymousDonor">AnonymousDonor</a><p></p>
Inserting raw character codes (which is what ALT+number does) is not portable.  It is specific to that platform, and the character set you're using.  I will see something different.  On the other hand, HTML character entities are, per the standard, portable.  So that isn't a good solution. -- <a href="BenScott">BenScott</a><p></p>
<em>Use <strong>Unicode</strong> (And set your browser to UTF-8). You can enter Unicode characters on Windows/MacOSX/X11 using Ctrl+Shift+CODE (Hold down Ctrl, hold down Shift and type in the code in hexadecimal).</em><p></p>
But there's still a portability issue for the <strong>readers</strong> of the text, who may not be viewing it as Unicode, eh? So at minimum you also need to tell everyone on every platform using every conceivable version of every conceivable browser how to make sure their tool displays Unicode (and how to get the font needed, if Unicode characters are used that are outside the font set provided by default on the platform/tool in question)
<a href="http://www.elephantcarhire.com/car-hire-united-kingdom/gatwick-airport-car-hire.htm">http://www.elephantcarhire.com/car-hire-united-kingdom/gatwick-airport-car-hire.htm</a> Gatwick Car Hire<p></p>
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